மூலம் : http://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson1_main.php
உருசிய மொழி, சிரிலிக் வரிவடிவம் மூலம் எழுதப்படுகிறது
உருசிய மொழியில் 20 மெயெழுத்துக்கள், 11 உயிரெழுத்துக்கள் மற்றும் இரண்டு பலுக்க குறியீடுகள் ஆக மொத்தம் 33 எழுத்துக்கள் உள்ளன
А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е, Ё, Ж, З, И, Й, К, Л, М, Н, О, П, Р, С, Т, У, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Ъ, Ы, Ь, Э, Ю, Я
இவற்றை 4 வகையாக பிரிக்கலாம்
உருசிய மொழி, சிரிலிக் வரிவடிவம் மூலம் எழுதப்படுகிறது
உருசிய மொழியில் 20 மெயெழுத்துக்கள், 11 உயிரெழுத்துக்கள் மற்றும் இரண்டு பலுக்க குறியீடுகள் ஆக மொத்தம் 33 எழுத்துக்கள் உள்ளன
А, Б, В, Г, Д, Е, Ё, Ж, З, И, Й, К, Л, М, Н, О, П, Р, С, Т, У, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Ъ, Ы, Ь, Э, Ю, Я
The Russian alphabet is as follows:
| Letter | Cursive | Name | Old name | IPA | Approximate English example | Russian example, romanization, meaning | № | Unicode(Hex) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Аа |  | а [a] | азъ [as] | /a/ | father | два dva "two" | 1 | U+0410 / U+0430 |
| Бб |  | бэ [bɛ] | буки [ˈbukʲɪ] | /b/ or/bʲ/ | bad | без byez "without" | – | U+0411 / U+0431 |
| Вв |  | вэ [vɛ] | вѣди [ˈvʲedʲɪ] | /v/ or/vʲ/ | vine | вот vot "here" | 2 | U+0412 / U+0432 |
| Гг |  | гэ [ɡɛ] | глаголь [ɡlɐˈɡolʲ] | /ɡ/ | go | год god "year" | 3 | U+0413 / U+0433 |
| Дд |  | дэ [dɛ] | добро [dɐˈbro] | /d/ or/dʲ/ | do | да da "yes" | 4 | U+0414 / U+0434 |
| Ее |  | е [je] | есть [jesʲtʲ] | /je/,/ ʲe/ or/e/ | yes | не ne "not" | 5 | U+0415 / U+0435 |
| Ёё |  | ё [jo] | – | /jo/ or/ ʲɵ/ | yolk | своё svoyó "one's own, my, our" | – | U+0401 / U+0451 |
| Жж |  | жэ [ʐɛ] (  listen) | живѣте [ʐɨˈvʲetʲɪ][a] | /ʐ/ | pleasure | жук zhuk "bug" | – | U+0416 / U+0436 |
| Зз |  | зэ [zɛ] | земля [zʲɪˈmlʲæ] | /z/ or/zʲ/ | zoo | за za "behind" | 7 | U+0417 / U+0437 |
| Ии |  | и [i] | иже [ˈiʐɨ] | /i/ or/ ʲi/ | me | или íli "or" | 8 | U+0418 / U+0438 |
| Йй |  | и краткое [i ˈkratkəɪ] | и съ краткой [ɪ s ˈkratkəj] | /j/ | toy | мой moy "my" | – | U+0419 / U+0439 |
| Кк |  | ка [ka] | како [ˈkakə] | /k/ or/kʲ/ | kiss | кто kto "who" | 20 | U+041A / U+043A |
| Лл† |  | эл or эль [ɛl] or [ɛlʲ] | люди [ˈlʲʉdʲɪ] | /l/ or /lʲ/ | lamp | ли li "whether" | 30 | U+041B / U+043B |
| Мм |  | эм [ɛm] | мыслѣте [mɨˈsʲlʲetʲɪ][2] | /m/ or/mʲ/ | map | чем chem "than" | 40 | U+041C / U+043C |
| Нн |  | эн [ɛn] | нашъ [naʂ] | /n/ or /ɲ/ | not | но no "but" | 50 | U+041D / U+043D |
| Оо |  | о [о] | онъ [on] | /o/ | more | он on "he" | 70 | U+041E / U+043E |
| Пп |  | пэ [pɛ] | покой [pɐˈkoj] | /p/ or/pʲ/ | pet | под pod "under" | 80 | U+041F / U+043F |
| Рр |  | эр [ɛr] | рцы [rt͡sɨ] | /r/ or/rʲ/ | rolled r | при pri "attached to" | 100 | U+0420 / U+0440 |
| Сс |  | эс [ɛs] | слово [ˈslovə] | /s/ or/sʲ/ | see | если yésli "if" | 200 | U+0421 / U+0441 |
| Тт |  | тэ [tɛ] | твердо [ˈtvʲerdə] | /t/ or/tʲ/ | tool | тот tot "that" | 300 | U+0422 / U+0442 |
| Уу |  | у [u] | укъ [uk] | /u/ | boot | уже uzhé "already" | 400 | U+0423 / U+0443 |
| Фф |  | эф [ɛf] | фертъ [fʲert] | /f/ or/fʲ/ | face | форма fórma "form" | 500 | U+0424 / U+0444 |
| Хх |  | ха [xa] | хѣръ [xʲer] | /x/ | hole | хорошо khoroshó "well" | 600 | U+0425 / U+0445 |
| Цц |  | це [tsɛ] | цы [t͡sɨ] | /t͡s/ | sits | конец konéts "end" | 900 | U+0426 / U+0446 |
| Чч |  | че [tɕe] | червь [t͡ɕerfʲ] | /t͡ɕ/ | chip | четыре chetýre "four" | 90 | U+0427 / U+0447 |
| Шш |  | ша [ʂa] | ша [ʂa] | /ʂ/ | sharp | ваш vash "yours" | – | U+0428 / U+0448 |
| Щщ |  | ща [ɕɕæ] | ща [ɕt͡ɕæ] | /ɕɕ/ | sheer (sometimes instead pronounced as in fresh-cheese) | ещё yeshchyó "yet, still" | – | U+0429 / U+0449 |
| Ъъ |  | твёрдый знак [ˈtvʲɵrdɨj znak] ( listen) | еръ [jer] | (called "hard sign") silent, prevents palatalization of the preceding consonant | объект obyékt "object" | – | U+042A / U+044A | |
| Ыы |  | ы [ɨ] | еры [jɪˈrɨ] | [ɨ] | roses, hit | ты ty "you" | – | U+042B / U+044B |
| Ьь |  | мягкий знак [ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪj znak] ( listen) | ерь [jerʲ] | / ʲ/ | (called "soft sign") silent, palatalizes the preceding consonant (if it is phonologically possible) | весь vyes "all" | – | U+042C / U+044C |
| Ээ |  | э [ɛ] | э оборотное [ˈɛ əbɐˈrotnəɪ] | /ɛ/ | met | это éto "this, that" | – | U+042D / U+044D |
| Юю |  | ю [ju] | ю [ju] | /ju/ or/ ʲʉ/ | use | юг yug "south" | – | U+042E / U+044E |
| Яя |  | я [ja] | я [ja] | /ja/ or/ ʲæ/ | yard | себя sebyá "myself" | – | U+042F / U+044F |
இவற்றை 4 வகையாக பிரிக்கலாம்
ஆங்கில மொழியின் ரோமன் வரிவடிவத்தை போலிருக்கும், அதே போல் உச்சரிக்கப்படும் எழுத்துக்கள் Russian letters that are (almost) the same.
А а - அPronounced like the "a" in the word "father" or "car". It is not the 'flat' "a" sound you sometimes hear in words like "cat" or "flat".
К к - கPronounced like the "k" in "kitten" or "kangaroo". This letter replaces the english "c" sound in words like "cat".
М м - ம Pronounced like the "m" in man. (Note: Unlike english, the hand-written "м" should always start from the bottom)
O o - ஒ When stressed, it is pronounced like the "o" in "bore". When un-stressed it is pronounced more like the letter "a". (See later notes.)
Т т - டPronounced like the "t" in "tap". (Note: The hand-written (and italic) form is "т". It should always start from the top, as it looks quite similar to the letter "м")
ஆங்கில மொழியில் ரோமன் வரிவடிவத்தை போலிருக்கும், ஆனால் வேறு மாதிரி உச்சரிக்கப்படும் எழுத்துக்கள் Russian letters that look like english letters but sound different.
(These are the most important to learn so you don't get them mixed up.)
В в - வPronounced like the "v" in "vet". (Equivalent to the english letter "v").
Е е - யெயேPronounced like the "ye" in "yes".
Н н - நPronounced like the "n" in "no". (Equivalent to the english letter "n").
Р р - ரPronounced like the "r" in "run", but it is rolled. (Equivalent to the english letter "r").
С с - ச ஸPronounced like the "s" in "see". (Equivalent to the english letter "s"). (It might help to remember that it's used like the "s" sound in the english words "centre" and "cent".)
У у - உ ஊPronounced like the "oo" in "boot" or "root".
Х х - க் ஹ்Pronounced like the "h" in "hello". However, this is often pronounced more like the "ch" in the Scottish "Loch" or German "Bach", or the mexican pronunciation of "x" in "Mexico".
ஆங்கிலம் போல் உச்சரிக்கப்படும், ஆனால் வேறு வடிவில் எழுதப்படும் எழுத்துக்கள் Russian letters that look unusual, but have familiar sounds
Б б - ப Pronounced like the "b" in "bat". (Equivalent to the english letter "b").
Г г - க Pronounced like the "g" in "go". (Equivalent to the english letter "g").
Д д - ட த Pronounced like the "d" in "dog". (Equivalent to the english letter "d").
З з - Pronounced like the "z" in "zoo". (Equivalent to the english letter "z").
И и - இ Pronounced like the "i" in "taxi". (Sometimes equivalent to the english letter "i", the short 'ee' sound.). (Note: The hand-written form for "и" looks a little like the english "u").
Л л - லPronounced like the "l" in "love". (Equivalent to the english letter "l").
П п - பPronounced like the "p" in "pot". (Equivalent to the english letter "p").
Ф ф - Pronounced like the "f" in "fat". (Equivalent to the english letter "f").
Э э - எPronounced like the "e" in "fed".
புது எழுத்துக்கள், புது ஒலிகள் New Russian letters and sounds
(The sounds will be familiar, but they don't have their own letter in English).
Ю ю - யு யூPronounced like the "u" in "universe". (Pronounced much like the english word "you").
Я я - யPronounced like the "ya" in "yard".
Ё ё - யொ யோ Pronounced like "yo" in "yonder". (Note: In modern Russian you may find this letter simply written as Е е.)
Ж ж - ஸ் Like "s" in "measure", "pleasure" or "fusion" or like "g" in colour "beige". (As there is no english symbol for this sound, it is usually represented as "zh")
Ц ц - ட்ஸ்Similar to the "ts" sound in "sits" or "its".
Ч ч - Pronounced like the "ch" in "chips" or "church" .
Ш ш - ஷ Pronounced like the "sh" in shut.
Щ щ - Pronounced like "sh" but with your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Try putting your tongue in the same position as you would to say "ch" but say "sh" instead. English speakers may find it hard to define the difference between "ш" and "щ".
Ы ы - (ஐ) Pronounced like the "i" in "bit" or "ill". (Said with your tongue slightly back in your mouth.)
Й й - (ய்) This letter is used to form diphthongs. So "oй" is like the "oy" sound in "boy" or "aй" is like the "igh" in "sigh".
உச்சரிப்பு குறியீடுகள் Pronunciation Symbols
(These letters have no sound on their own, but are still considered letters.).
Ъ ъ - The 'Hard Sign' is rarely used. It indicates a slight pause between sylables.
Ь ь - The 'Soft Sign' makes the previous letter 'soft'. Think of the "p" sound in the word "pew". (Try inflecting a very slight "y" sound onto letter before it.)
உயிரெழுத்துக்கள் பற்றி சிறு குறிப்பு A note about vowels
You may have noticed that there are often two forms of a vowel, hard and soft. It may help to note the corresponding vowels.
| А ("a") அ | Я ("ya") ய |
| Э ("e") எ | Е ("ye") யே |
| У ("oo") ஊ | Ю ("yoo") யூ |
| О ("o") ஒ | Ё ("yo") யொ |
Ы and И are corresponding vowels but don't really follow this pattern.
Й is also considered a vowel
Й is also considered a vowel
The "y" sound is always pronounced. It may take some time to get used to pronouncing it with consonants.
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